Астрономия (тесты Синергия)
Во время солнечного затмения пятно, образованное лунной тенью, может достигать …
100 км
10 000 км
10 м
100 м
Нейтронная звезда …
очень велика и тяжела
очень велика и легка
невероятно мала и легка
невероятно мала и тяжела
Белый карлик – это …
потухшая и остывающая звезда
звезда, находящаяся очень далеко от Земли
газовая планета
только что образовавшаяся звезда
Фотосинтез возможен благодаря наличию в клетках растений …
глюкозы
углекислого газа
хлорофилла
кислорода
Сверхновая звезда рождается …
в результате взрыва красного гиганта
из газопылевого облака
в результате взрыва белого карлика
из черной дыры
Самые длинные дни в году – …
23–24 сентября
20–21 марта
21–22 декабря
21–22 июня
Движение Земли вокруг Солнца объясняется действием …
силы инерции
силы поверхностного натяжения
центробежной силы
силы упругости
Солнечная энергия является результатом …
термоядерного синтеза
окисления
плавления
горения
Процесс образования планет может длиться …
1 млрд лет
10 тыс. лет
100 тыс. лет
100 млн лет
Неверно, что … относится к свойствам горных пород
проницаемость
объемность
просадочность
растворимость
В процессе старения Солнце превратится в …
синего карлика
красного карлика
синего гиганта
красного гиганта
Одна из древнейших обсерваторий на Земле – …
Европейская южная обсерватория
пирамида Хеопса
пирамида Кукулькана
Стоунхендж
«Провалом в пространстве» можно назвать …
нейтронную звезду
черную дыру
белый карлик
сверхновую звезду
То, что Земля имеет форму шара, …
первыми выяснили Пифагор и Парменид
первым выяснил Николай Коперник
первым выяснил Галилео Галилей
первым выяснил Клавдий Птолемей
В Древней Греции светила (Солнце и Луну) олицетворяли боги …
Зевс и Гера
Гелиос и Селена
Амон и Ях
Ишьчель и Тонатиу
Почва – поверхностный слой … Земли
гидросферы
атмосферы
литосферы
техносферы
Закон всемирного тяготения сформулировал …
Клавдий Птолемей
Галилео Галилей
Николай Коперник
Исаак Ньютон
Лидерами потребления солнечной энергии являются …
люди
растения
грибы
животные
Газ, из которого в основном состоит Солнце, – это …
азот
аргон
гелий
кислород
Температура поверхности Солнца – …
10 000 °С
5 800 °С
2 800 °С
15 млн °С
Геология – наука, которая изучает …
только подземные воды
только минералы
поверхность Земли
внутреннее строение Земли и историю ее развития
Форма орбита Земли имеет форму …
параллелограмм
круг
эллипс
трапеция
Сочинение «Всеобщая естественная история и теория неба» было написано
Альбертом Энштейном
Исааком Ньютоном
Зигмундом Фрейдом
Эммануилом Кантом
Горные породы, состоящие из одного или нескольких минералов или из скопления их обломков, делятся на …
обломочные, магматические и вулканические
осадочные, метаморфические и глубинные
осадочные, вулканические и глубинные
магматические, осадочные и метаморфические
Землю от космической радиации защищает слой …
азота
гелия
озона
кислорода
Неверно, что человеческий глаз воспринимает …
красный цвет
инфракрасное излучение
фиолетовый цвет
белый свет
Солнце зажглось приблизительно … назад
4,5 млрд лет
100 млн лет
100 млрд лет
1 млрд лет
Ближайшая к Земле звезда – это …
Венера, в древности называемая «утренней звездой»
Полярная звезда
Солнце
Альфа Центавра
Основными структурными элементами земной коры на материках, в областях архипелагов и неглубоких морей, являются …
геосинклинальные области, платформы и краевые прогибы
только краевые прогибы
только геосинклинальные области
только платформы
Разработки по использованию солнечной энергии начались в …
I в.
XXI в.
XX в.
XIV в.
Свойства горных пород
Пример: увеличение пористости ведет к снижению плотности, прочности, упругости, теплопроводности, водопроницаемости и пр.
Горные породы под действием сил земного притяжения находятся в сжатом напряженном состоянии, которое до проведения выработки является равновесным и устойчивым. Пустоты, образованные в результате горных работ, нарушают это равновесие. В массиве, окружающем выработку, возникают напряжения – неуравновешанные силы, которые называют горным давлением. Горное давлении проявляется: в виде прогиба, растрескивания и обрушения горных пород, стреляния, вывала бортов выработок, пучения почвы, горных ударов.
Свойства горных пород – горнотехнологические параметры – используются для расчетов производительности различных агрегатов, нормирования труда горнорабочих. К ним относятся: строение и сложение пород, слоистость, прочность, крепость, пористость, вязкость, упругость, твердость, абразивность, пластичность, хрупкость, буримость, разрыхляемость и др. Строение и физические свойства горных пород обуславливают безопасное и эффективное ведение горнопроходческих и очистных работ. Состояние и свойства пород определяют способ проведения выработок, тип и плотность крепи подготовительных выработок. Проявление горного давления и устойчивость выработок в значительной степени зависит от плотностных, водно – физических, прочностных и деформационных свойств пород. Плотностные свойства – это плотность, объемная масса, удельный вес, объемный вес, насыпная объемная масса и пористость. В свою очередь пористость определяет водопоглащение, водопроницаемость, газопроницаемость, прочность. Вводно-физические свойства горных пород – естественная влажность, водопоглащение, размокаемость, размягчаемость, разбухаемость.
Крепость горных пород по шкале проф. М.М. Протодьяконова.
Предел прочности горных пород на одноосное сжатие (в кг/см 2 ) деленное на 100 или в МПа/10. Пример: если предел прочности крепкого каменного угля на одноосное сжатие 150 кг/см2 разделим на 100, то получим коэффициент крепости по шкале Протодьконова равным 1,5. Обозначается латинской буквой «f «.
Горные выработки
Горные выработки – пустоты, образованные в угле или породе в результате горных работ. Они предназначены для транспортирования полезного ископаемого, материалов и оборудования, для вентиляции и водоотлива, для передвижения людей, для установки машин и механизмов, для размещения складов, для добычи полезного ископаемого и пр.
Начало горной выработки – называется устьем, а конец её – забоем.
По своему положению в пространстве горные выработки подразделяются на горизонтальные, вертикальные и наклонные.
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Свойства горных пород: теплоемкость и теплопроводность, проницаемост, трещиноватость, растворимость, просадочность
Существенное влияние на интенсивность процессов физического выветривания оказывают такие свойства горных пород, как теплоемкость и теплопроводность. Так, чем меньше теплопроводность, тем большие температурные различия возникают на соседних участках породы при ее нагревании и охлаждении и, как следствие этого, большие внутренние напряжения, которые и способствуют более быстрому ее разрушению.
Большое морфологическое значение имеет степень проницаемости горных пород для дождевых и талых вод. Легко проницаемые породы, поглощая воду, способствуют быстрому переводу поверхностного стока в подземный. В результате участки, сложенные легкопроницаемыми породами, характеризуются слабым развитием эрозионных форм, а склоны этих форм вследствие незначительного поверхностного стока долгое время могут сохранять большую крутизну. На участках, сложенных слабопроницаемыми породами, создаются благоприятные условия для возникновения и развития эрозионных форм, для выполаживания их склонов. Залегание водоупорных пластов в основаниях крутых склонов долин, берегов озер и морей способствует развитию оползневых процессов и специфического рельефа, свойственного районам развития оползней. Проницаемость горных пород может быть обусловлена либо их строением (рыхлым – пески, галечники; пористым – известняки-ракушечники, различные туфы, пемза), либо их трещиноватостью (известняки, доломиты, магматические и метаморфические породы). Следует подчеркнуть, что трещиноватость горных пород, способствуя заложению и развитию эрозионных форм, часто определяет рисунок гидрографической сети в плане, особенно в ее верхних звеньях.
Большое морфологическое значение имеет такое свойство горных пород, как растворимость. К числу легко- или относительно легкорастворимых пород относятся каменная соль, гипс, известняки, доломиты. В местах широкого развития этих пород формируются особые морфологические комплексы, обусловленные так называемыми карстовыми процессами.
В рельефе находит отражение и такое свойство горных пород, как просадочность. Этим свойством, выражающимся в уменьшении объема породы при ее намокании, обладают лёссы и лёссовидные суглинки. В результате просадки в областях распространения этих пород обычно образуются неглубокие отрицательные формы рельефа.
Существует ряд других свойств, определяющих морфологическое значение пород и степень их устойчивости к воздействию внешних сил. В конечном счете совокупность физических и химических свойств горных пород приводит к тому, что устойчивые породы образуют, как правило, положительные формы рельефа, менее стойкие – отрицательные. Следует еще раз подчеркнуть, что относительная устойчивость породы зависит не только от ее свойств, обусловленных химическим и минералогическим составом. В значительной мере она определяется условиями окружающей среды. Одна и та же горная порода в одних условиях может выступать как стойкая, в других – как податливая. Поэтому, как справедливо отмечает И.С. Щукин, если надо учесть морфологическое значение тех или других пород в формировании рельефа исследуемой территории, необходимо взвесить каждое из свойств и совокупное их выражение в условиях конкретной физико-географической обстановки.
Неверно что относится к свойствам горных пород растворимость
31. Сверхновая звезда рождается …
из газопылевого облака
из чёрной дыры
в результате взрыва красного гиганта
в результате взрыва белого карлика
32. Нейтронная звезда
невероятно мала (относительно космических объектов) и легка
невероятно мала и тяжела
очень велика и легка
очень велика и тяжела
33. «Провалом в пространстве» можно назвать
нейтронную звезду
сверхновую звезду
белого карлика
чёрную дыру
Арбитражный процесс (онлайн тест)
Систему арбитражных судов составляют.
К специальной подведомственности арбитражным судам отнесены споры
Лицо, обратившееся в арбитражный суд в защиту прав и законных интересов группы лиц. действует на основании.
Постановления арбитражного суда апелляционной инстанции и арбитражного суда кассационной инстанции вступают в законную силу.
Заявление о признании должника банкротом подается в арбитражный суд по месту нахождения
Правосудие в российской федерации осуществляется
Основание иска –это
В основе классификации исков, когда они подразделяются на иски о признании, о присуждении и иски преобразовательные, лежит
Английский язык (профессиональный)
1. The director. five minutes ago.
arrives
arriving
has arrived
arrived
3. Это первый раз мы выпустили собственные акции
have been issued
will issue
has issued
are being issued
are issuing
issued
issue
had issued
have issued
5. Не was pleased … such an offer.
has made
Made
to have been made
making
6. Эта фирма выпустила свои акции до того как их конкуренты осуществили захват.
will issue
issue
are issuing
have issued
are being issued
has issued
had issued issued
have been issued
7. Мы выпустили акции два года назад.
has issued
have been issued
had issued
issue
have issued
will issue
are being issued
are issuing
issued
8. All your expenses … by the company.
had paid
will pay
will be paid
are paying
10. Yesterday our CEO meant … to you, but he didn’t have time.
to talk
talking
has talked
having talked
11. Если мы выпустим акции, мы спасем компанию.
have issued
issue
have been issued
are being issued
had issued
will issue
has issued
are issuing
issued
13. The work … is quite interesting.
to be doing
doing
will do
to be done
14. Эти акции были выпущены совсем недавно.
has issued
have issued
issue
had issued
issued
are being issued
are issuing
have been issued
will issue
15. Завтра выпускают первую партию акций.
has issued
issued
have issued
are being issued
issue
will issue
had issued
are issuing
have been issued
16. All your expenses … by the company.
had paid
will pay
will be paid
are paying
Английский язык (ВПО)
1. This office building … a meeting room.
2. Yesterday my flight … at about three o’clock in the afternoon.
3. Is there a car park?
4. Now I … for a taxi.
5. The room looks very clean … you … it?
6. Do you like football?
7. A. … training to do my job properly.
B. I’m sorry. It’s just not p.
8. A. … the target market?
B. It’s aimed at stylish young men who wan.
10. He … it for an hour before I came.
11. … you … many cities when you were in France.
12. … Ricardo drive to work?
13. Oscar … from home.
14. My suggestion is to go for a cocktail.
15. Can I speak to Jorge Ramos, please?
16. Karina is … but she lives and works in London.
17. She … her work already.
18.A. … credit card details, please?
B. It’s a MasterCard. The number.
19. Will you … the bank when you go out?
20. How about a cup of tea?
21. What day suits you?
22. When I … it … yesterday.
23. The company … only four people and they all work in one office.
24. Next week, she’s moving to a new flat because her old one is … f.
26. Mr Albert … to meetings.
27. I … for you for more than one hour.
28. What do you think?
29. Five years ago, businessman Simon Woodroffe had a good idea. He w.
31. What time do you think you’ll arrive? …
34. Complete each of the questions
36. Five years ago, businessman Simon Woodroffe had a good idea. He w.
38. Complete each gap in these short conversations
.…do you work?
At Channel 10
Where
39. Where are you from?
41. Is there a direct …?
43. How much is it per night? …
44. How many hours a week do you work?
45. Do you meet your colleagues after work?
46. Five years ago, businessman Simon Woodroffe had a good idea. He w.
47. You need to … through security before you board the plane.
49. How’s your business doing?
53. Five years ago, businessman Simon Woodroffe had a good idea.
55. … is important with big or heavy products, because you can’t take them home in your car.
56. When I return home, I … a taxi from the airport to my house.
57. Complete each of the questions
59. Before you get on the plane, you can … some shopping.
60. Five years ago, businessman Simon Woodroffe had a good idea. He w.
62. Please take me to the city …
63. How many nights are you staying? …
64. Can I have an aisle …?
67. Where are you staying?
68. Can I take this as hand …?
70. He wants to … a hotel for three nights in Taipei.
71. Five years ago, businessman Simon Woodroffe had a good idea.
72. When are you leaving? …
74. My new camera has …. If it stops working, the maker will repair or replace it
76. Five years ago, businessman Simon Woodroffe had a good idea. He w.
78. Complete each gap in these short conversations.
you a sales manager?
79. What do you like best about your job?
80. On the flight, you can always … a movie.
82. What do you do in your free time?
84. …she travel in her job?
86. They … for 20 minutes when his mother came in.
87. She’s a very … person – she likes to be on time.
88. His grandfather … from his job a year ago.
89. Next week, she’s moving to a new flat because her old one is … f.
90. A. … my new camera.
B. Oh dear. I’m sorry to hear that.
92. … he … about the opera before?
93. I … my breakfast.
94. They … for 20 minutes when his mother came in.
95. She started her job last year, … April.
96. There’s something I’d like to talk to you about.
97. Why don’t you buy a self-study course?
98. Last night I … home at 11. I … supper and then … to bed.
99. Tomorrow at five he … football.
100. What did you learn from your Iast job?
I learned how to be patient.
А. Pascal’s is the best restaurant. The food is delicious.
В. Yes, I agree. The food is great.
101. When in Thailand?
102. Andres: … Viral videos can be very effective.
103. Beatta, this is Layla.
104. When I tell people what I do, they often say, ‘Oh, I guess you lo.
105. Our … profit is lower this year because sales are down.
106. You can work whenever you choose!’ I usually just smile and agree.
107. I … for the same company for my entire career and I couldn’t be h.
109. Anya: …
Mona: Why?
Anya: Because of the budget cuts.
110. If I have an important … to meet, I often start work at 8:00 in t.
111. What do you mean by a slight pay increase?
112. I … a manager for the past ten years.
113. Fawaz makes … as an accountant.
114. Anya: OK, it’s ten o’clock and everyone’s here. …
115. Mona: But a viral video lasts longer. And we definitely want to r.
116. How do you feel about Duncan’s suggestion?
117. Lunch meetings need to be very quick so I always choose a restaur.
118. … you like something to eat?
119. We … be late for the meeting with the CEO!
120. I had a very heavy … last month but this month it isn’t too bad.
121. Anya: Lydia, what do you think?
Lydia:
122. So when I … university, I … a job in IT.
124. I’m a freelance accountant and bookkeeper for small businesses so.
127. Every business needs accountants so there are a lot of career … for Fawaz
128. Welcome, marketing team, and thank you for the hard work you’ve put
129. When a job comes along, I have to take advantage of the … and acc.
130. But I … management at university. My degree is in history.
131. When a company announces good results, often its … price increase.
136. Do you mind if I take a brochure?
137. I have a small, comfortable office in my home and I really like being in control of my working …
138. Can you give me a 10 per cent … if I buy in bulk?
140. Listen! Is that Alicia playing? She … play the piano very well!
141. You … learn some Japanese if you’re going to do business in Japan.
142. My train leaves at 6:00 so I … be at the station before 5:50.
143. I don’t print most e-mails because my company is trying to … waste in the office.
144. At that time, the company … interactive software for teaching history to primary school students.
145. Most supermarkets offer a … scheme with reward points.
146. Right now, he works in … in Bahrain. He works hard because he wants a promotion. ‘I need more experience’ he says.
147. Can you recommend a hotel that has meeting rooms for hire at … prices?
148. There’s usually a 14-day cooling-off … for financial products.
149. We don’t want to spend too much time getting to the conference venue so let’s choose somewhere with a … location.
150. We give customers a full … if they return an unused product within 30 days.
151. He’s hoping for a big career … : a job in the UK.
A. … training to do my job properly.
B. I’m sorry. It’s just not possible.
I need some
Can I have your
I … you later, OK
call
‘ll call
I … to the news on television at nine o’clock last night
had been listening
listened
have been listening
was listening
WIND ENERGY
Every day you can see the wind blowing and watch all of that wasted energy just floating away. A lot of energy is thought to be (1) … and all you need to use it are a few wind turbines Currently less than 1% of the Earth’s energy needs are (2) … by wind, with Denmark being the most wind-friendly producing 23% of its own energy needs from wind. The energy produced is totally clean and also one of the (3) … around and it is able to produce (4) … 18 times more energy than is consumed in its construction, (5) … nuclear which is estimated at around five. People are often worried about the look of wind farms but what they often forget is that the land can still (6) … for farming, with only 1% of the space being taken up by the wind turbines. One of the biggest (7) … about wind turbines, is their effect on bats and birds. In Norway, nine out of ten sea eagles were killed by turbines. Bats too are a serious problem. Even the manufacturers of wind turbines are (8). concerned by the numbers of bats being. killed, prompting ongoing research.
Read the text and choose the best options to fill in the gap (7).
benefits
advantages
concerns
prospects
WIND ENERGY
Every day you can see the wind blowing and watch all of that wasted energy just floating away. A lot of energy is thought to be (1) … and all you need to use it are a few wind turbines Currently less than 1% of the Earth’s energy needs are (2) … by wind, with Denmark being the most wind-friendly producing 23% of its own energy needs from wind. The energy produced is totally clean and also one of the (3) … around and it is able to produce (4) … 18 times more energy than is consumed in its construction, (5) … nuclear which is estimated at around five. People are often worried about the look of wind farms but what they often forget is that the land can still (6) … for farming, with only 1% of the space being taken up by the wind turbines. One of the biggest (7) … about wind turbines, is their effect on bats and birds. In Norway, nine out of ten sea eagles were killed by turbines. Bats too are a serious problem. Even the manufacturers of wind turbines are (8). concerned by the numbers of bats being. killed, prompting ongoing research.
Read the text and choose the best options to fill in the gap (4).
in average
on average
to average
by average
We are late. The film … by the time we get to the cinema.
will already have started
will already start
will be already started
WIND ENERGY
Every day you can see the wind blowing and watch all of that wasted energy just floating away. A lot of energy is thought to be (1) … and all you need to use it are a few wind turbines Currently less than 1% of the Earth’s energy needs are (2) … by wind, with Denmark being the most wind-friendly producing 23% of its own energy needs from wind. The energy produced is totally clean and also one of the (3) … around and it is able to produce (4) … 18 times more energy than is consumed in its construction, (5) … nuclear which is estimated at around five. People are often worried about the look of wind farms but what they often forget is that the land can still (6) … for farming, with only 1% of the space being taken up by the wind turbines. One of the biggest (7) … about wind turbines, is their effect on bats and birds. In Norway, nine out of ten sea eagles were killed by turbines. Bats too are a serious problem. Even the manufacturers of wind turbines are (8). concerned by the numbers of bats being. killed, prompting ongoing research.
Read the text and choose the best options to fill in the gap (1).
available
handy
ready
convenient
HUMAN RIGHTS DAY On 10 December 1948, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which has become a (1) … standard for defending and promoting human rights. Every year on 10 December, Human Rights Day marks the adoption of the Universal Declaration which states that «Human beings are born with (2) … rights and fundamental freedoms». In 2006, Human Rightstailan Day focused on (3) … poverty as a matter of obligation, not of charity. Poverty is (4) … by human rights violations. The links between human rights and poverty should be obvious: people whose rights are (5) … are more likely to be poor. Generally they find it harder or impossible to participate in the labour market and have little or no access to (6) … services and resources. Meanwhile, the poor in many societies cannot enjoy their rights to education, health and housing simply (7) … they cannot afford them. And poverty affects all human rights: for example, low income can prevent people from accessing education, which in turn inhibits their participation in public life and their ability to influence the policies affecting them. Governments and those in a position of authority must (8) … responsibility for dealing with poverty. The realisation of human rights — including the fight against poverty — is a duty, not a mere aspiration.
Read the text and choose the best options to fill in the gap (1).
universal
typical
whole
complete
WIND ENERGY
Every day you can see the wind blowing and watch all of that wasted energy just floating away. A lot of energy is thought to be (1) … and all you need to use it are a few wind turbines Currently less than 1% of the Earth’s energy needs are (2) … by wind, with Denmark being the most wind-friendly producing 23% of its own energy needs from wind. The energy produced is totally clean and also one of the (3) … around and it is able to produce (4) … 18 times more energy than is consumed in its construction, (5) … nuclear which is estimated at around five. People are often worried about the look of wind farms but what they often forget is that the land can still (6) … for farming, with only 1% of the space being taken up by the wind turbines. One of the biggest (7) … about wind turbines, is their effect on bats and birds. In Norway, nine out of ten sea eagles were killed by turbines. Bats too are a serious problem. Even the manufacturers of wind turbines are (8). concerned by the numbers of bats being. killed, prompting ongoing research.
Read the text and choose the best options to fill in the gap (5).
added to
compared to
matched to
contrasted to
Read the texts and match them with the headings. There is one extra title.
«I don’t know how you stay at home all day… I would be bored out of my mind», was a comment I often heard when I stayed at home. Was I bored Never I mastered the housework so that I wasn’t a slave to it. Obviously, there was the cleaning to be done regularly but it was the sharing of the tidying up that made the difference. My family learnt to tidy up after themselves and if there was a bit of accumulated dust it would wait until the end of the week when a day was set aside for a thorough cleaning. I established a routine for the necessary chores that had to be done daily, but if they weren’t completed by lunchtime, they were left until the next day. That way I had time to pursue my own interests and to spend time with the children as well.
NEVER BORED
EXHAUSTING FOR ALL
MONEY OR TIME
THE PERFECT JOB
WIND ENERGY
Every day you can see the wind blowing and watch all of that wasted energy just floating away. A lot of energy is thought to be (1) … and all you need to use it are a few wind turbines Currently less than 1% of the Earth’s energy needs are (2) … by wind, with Denmark being the most wind-friendly producing 23% of its own energy needs from wind. The energy produced is totally clean and also one of the (3) … around and it is able to produce (4) … 18 times more energy than is co
Every day you can see the wind blowing and watch all of that wasted energy just floating away. A lot of energy is thought to be (1) … and all you need to use it are a few wind turbines Currently less than 1% of the Earth’s energy needs are (2) … by wind, with Denmark being the most wind-friendly producing 23% of its own energy needs from wind. The energy produced is totally clean and also one of the (3) … around and it is able to produce (4) … 18 times more energy than is consumed in its construction, (5) … nuclear which is estimated at around five. People are often worried about the look of wind farms but what they often forget is that the land can still (6) … for farming, with only 1% of the space being taken up by the wind turbines. One of the biggest (7) … about wind turbines, is their effect on bats and birds. In Norway, nine out of ten sea eagles were killed by turbines. Bats too are a serious problem. Even the manufacturers of wind turbines are (8). concerned by the numbers of bats being. killed, prompting ongoing research.
Read the text and choose the best options to fill in the gap (8).
sadly
wrongly
badly
deeply
The Irish Travellers are the largest minority in Ireland. There are about 25,000 Irish Travellers in Ireland and 1,300 in Northern Ireland. They are a little understood nomadic community, who have many difficulties to overcome if they are to survive as a culture and gain acceptance into Irish society. Among the challenges facing them are poverty and racism. The Irish Travellers are a distinct ethnic group which has existed for centuries. Often they are mistakenly considered part of the nomadic Romani, an ethnic group which originated in the region of India and is now widespread throughout Europe. But the Irish Travellers are indigenous to Ireland, so the two cultures are not related. While both are nomadic, the Irish Travellers are Roman Catholic and speak a language that is theirs alone. They have their own culture, customs, traditions, and language. They are noted for their musical and storytelling abilities. In times past, they travelled by horse-drawn wagon in caravans, making camp along the way. Tinsmithing, horse trading and peddling were the major sources of income in those days. Tinsmiths were so prevalent among Irish Travellers that the terms Tinker and Irish Traveller were used interchangeably. Today, Tinker is one of many names for Irish Travellers. Horses and wagons have given way to mobile homes pulled by motor vehicles. They continue their life on the road, but there are fewer places to stop and fewer places where they are welcome. Today, Irish Travellers mainly work in re¬cycling. Changing needs of society and progress have eliminated the jobs that could support a culture on wheels. Irish Travellers are poor, undereducated, and on the receiving end of discrimination. Their life expectancy is lower than average while their infant mortality rate is higher than average. As is the case with the Romani, the Irish Travellers are seen by many as a group of immoral, ignorant criminals and con artists. People distrust their nomadic culture and their language, Shelta. Many think it’s a secret language specifically developed as a tool to help the Irish Travellers trick innocent people. But this is not true. It is an old language, which has evolved with time and circumstances. Once heavily infused with Irish Gaelic, it is now infused with English.
They were called Tinkers, which is now … for them.
terms
a title
a name
Fill in the gaps in the text with the correct forms of the verbs.
I’m living in a small Hotel at the moment, but I …. to a flat next week. I’ve asked a friend of mine to share it with me.
moved
am moving
have moved
move
Fill in the gaps in the text with the correct forms of the verbs.
I’ve been working as a manager since I …. and I find It really interesting.
arrived
arrive
will arrive
arrives
We … 20 new buildings this year.
had built
have built
built
Water … at 100 degrees.
will boil
will have been boiling
boils
I … when my friend …
slept, was calling
slept, called
was sleeping, called
All in all, the internet is here to stay and whether it … our life is up to us.
improved or ruined
improves or ruins
Choose true sentence according to the text. Homemaking…
Every family needs a homemaker. Whether this is the mum or dad, or part-time from both is irrelevant. In our family, we chose the traditional role for me to stay at home, but some families choose the reverse, especially if the woman has the better-paid job. We have actually experienced both since I had to work full-time when my husband was made redundant and stayed at home for a time. The days when the person staying at home to look after the house and family was thought of as being «just a housewife» have long gone, especially now that there is a role reversal and it is sometimes the man who stays home. Nowadays there is a lot of pride in being the «homemaker». It is one of the most worthwhile careers and the rewards, although not financial, are great. The family benefits from quality time from one parent all the time.
has become a worthwhile career.
prevented the family from having social life.
helped someone to pursue his/her own interests.
It … outside; I do not like to walk in such weather.
is rain
rains
is raining
I … a very difficult day tomorrow. I need to prepare for the exam.
having
will have
have
At 10 o’clock in the morning on Wednesday Tom … a delegation in the office.
will be receiving
is receiving
will receive
Although the sun was shining, it was still cold, because it … hard for two hours.
was raining
had rained
had been raining
Choose true sentence according to the text. Homemaking…
So, after my first baby arrived, I felt for years that I had the perfect job. I was my own boss. I could work when I wanted and have a rest when I wanted. If I didn’t feel like cleaning or doing the shopping and wanted to have a day off, that was fine. Nobody else would have to be asked to cover for me, my work could wait until I was ready to do it. Oh yes, it was hard work taking care of our home and our children and the hours were long, but the work was varied and very rewarding. In fact, being a homemaker was the perfect job for me. I was absolutely happy being a housewife and mum. Watching my children thrive, witnessing their first steps, hearing their first words and all the other milestones were worth more than any amount of money.
made someone very happy.
was easier than combining full-time work and housework.
prevented the family from having social life.
I … for a whole hour
am waiting
was waiting
have been waiting
Choose the right variant
We called our friends in London yesterday to tell them about the reunion that we ….
will plan
were planning
have planned
plan
Fill in the gaps in the text with the correct forms of the verbs.
I ….. in Novgorod for three months and I’m enjoying life here very much.
was
have been
had been
am
At the same time, remember that money is also important for you need it to survive. So, if a job is all … but no pay, things can get difficult.
satisfaction
satisfy
A career development professional will use various tools to help you evaluate




